Financial Statement Analysis Google Inc. - 1639 Words

Google Inc. Year 2012 Financial Statement Analysis Name Professor Institution Course Date GOOGLE INC. FINANCIAL STATEMENT ANALYSIS Introduction Investment has been a key factor in business world. People search for the best performing industries and identify the most profitable company, which they then invest their money. Although one can judge the company’s investment worth through profits, analysis of the entire financial statement is critical for a good decision-making. In the current business industry, financial statements have become critical in understanding the financial performance of a business in order to make proper investment decisions. In addition, the financial statements are important in providing information to†¦show more content†¦The employees use the financial GOOGLE INC. FINANCIAL STATEMENT ANALYSIS rations to assess the profitability and stability of the company for them to have job assurances and pay rise. In this paper, the financial statement for Google Inc. as year ended 2012 will be used for analysis where different ratios will be evaluated and calculated. The analysis will include Horizontal Analysis on income, Horizontal Analysis of the Balance Sheet, Trend Analysis on Net Sales, Income from Continuing Operations, Net Income Vertical Analysis, Income statement Vertical Analysis, Balance Sheet Ratio Analysis: Working Capital, Current Ratio, Cash Ratio, Acid-Test (Quick) Ratio, Inventory Turnover, Days’ Sales in Inventory, Gross Profit Percentage, Accounts Receivable Turnover, Days’ Sales in Receivables, Debt Ratio, Debt to Equity Ratio, Times-Interest-Earned Ratio, Profit Margin Ratio, Rate of Return on Total Assets, Asset Turnover Ratio, Rate of Return on Common Stockholders’ Equity, Earnings per Share Price, Earnings (P/E) Ratio, Dividend Yield, Dividend Payout, and uses of charts and graphs for the discussion of the results (Warren, Reeve, J Duchac, 2009). The importance and the implications of the ratios to the Google Inc Company will be discussed and the investment potential determined. Brief background of Google Company Google Company is one of theShow MoreRelatedA Comprehensive Financial Statement Analysis On Google Inc.1844 Words   |  8 Pages A Comprehensive Financial Statement Analysis on Google Inc. Christopher Gouty ACC205: Principles of Accounting I (BAG1527B) Instructor: Brandy Havens August 3, 2015 Introduction The information from Financial statements is used widely by both external and internal users, including investors, creditors, managers, and executives. These users must analyze the information in order to make business decisions and making right decision about the investment opportunities in a company, so understandingRead MoreGoogle Inc. As A Public Company1403 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction For this research paper, I would like to select Google Inc. as a public company. This research paper would be helpful to prepare horizontal analysis of income statement and balance sheet of Google Inc. and to perform ration analysis to know the financial performance of the company. Company Overview In current, Google is the one of the most public companies in the world. Google is an American multinational technology corporation that is specialized in Internet-related services asRead MoreThe Technology of Cash Flows Essay1459 Words   |  6 Pagesa company’s statement of cash flows (Gibson, 2011). The cash flow statement provides information regarding the effectiveness of company management in operating the business, how the company’s money is derived, and the way funds are being spent (Megan, Hategan, Caciuc, Cotlet, 2009). A company’s management uses the statement of cash flows to assist with budgeting as it can predict cash flows in the future (Megan et al., 2009). Additionally, investors use it to assess the financial health of aRead MoreAnalysis Of Apple s Time Series And Cross Sectional Vs. Google Essay864 Words   |  4 Pages DuPont Analysis of Apple in Time Series and Cross-Sectional Comparison to Google Apple, Inc. is a large U.S. consumer goods company that designs manufactures and sells electronic devices and software (MSN, 2015). Apple’s stockholders have done well with the price of stock rising approximately 40% in the last twelve months. In addition, in 2014 the company had returned profits at the rate of 35.42% of investor’s equity. This return on equity (ROE) has been mostly stable over the last 3 years,Read MoreRevenue Recognition: Apple Inc.1423 Words   |  6 PagesRevenue Recognition: Apple Inc. THE COMPANY Our analysis of Apple Inc. will incorporate the general overview of the company and how it records it revenues. We will observe how they make an honest effort to be within compliance of all accounting standards according to the Financial Accounting Standards Board for recording and disclosure of its income. Apple’s leading competitor, Google Inc., will also be examined to see whether they are comparable to Apple and still within compliance of the SecuritiesRead MoreAnalyzing And Evaluating Apple Inc.1179 Words   |  5 Pagesexamining and evaluating Apple Inc.’s 10-K report, filed with the United States Securities and Exchange Commission, we set out to provide a financial analysis of the company and develop a broad audit plan. We provide a breakdown of the company’s industry, primary products, raw materials used, sales, assets, number of employees, location, key economic factors related to the industry, strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats, as well as an analysis of Apple’s financial strength. Secondly, we preparedRead MoreGoogle : Financial Analysis On The Health Of A Business1723 Words   |  7 PagesGoogle: Financial Analysis Financial statements provide a picture of the health of a business is and how prepared they are to face the challenges ahead. Publically traded companies are required to post financial statements and a detailed 10-K report on the SEC website. This is a tool that creditors, analysts, and investors use in assessing the health and future of a company. This information is also used by management and decision makers to spot potential problems and move in a more positive directionRead MoreThe Current Financial Statement Of Google Inc. Essay733 Words   |  3 PagesINTRODUCTION: The purpose of this report is to highlight the current financial statement of Google Inc. from year 2011 to 2013. The financial statement is divided further into three parts such as balance sheet, income statement and cash flow of the Google Inc. Google Inc. was established in September 1998 by Sergey Brin and Larry Page to enhance the ways individuals interface with data.It is headquartered in Googleplex, California, United States. This incomprehensible organization furnishes clientsRead MoreApple Inc: Business Analysis916 Words   |  4 PagesPart 1 The company I select for purposes of this analysis is Apple Inc. Regarded one of the most innovative companies in the Electronic Equipment industry, Apple Inc. concerns itself with not only the development but also the design and sale of personal computers, a wide range of hardware products like the iPhone, and computer software. Some of the companys most popular products include but they are not limited to the iPad tablet, the smartphone christened iPhone, and the hugely popular music playerRead MoreApple Inc. Case Study1494 Words   |  6 PagesApple Inc. Case Study TABLE OF CONTENTS COMPANY OVERVIEW General Description Historical Outline Industry Current Challenges Ethics and Responsibility STRATEGIC INFORMATION Mission Statement Competition SWOT Analysis HISTORICAL FINANCIAL ANALYSIS Historical Financial Information Competitive Financial Analysis Summary FUTURE PLANS Competitive Advantage Recent Performance Business Environment Recommendations Zackery Butler, Connor Daugherty, Stanashia Davis, Gabrielle Drohan, and Lauren Spears

Life Cycle of Fireflies and Lightning Bugs

Fireflies, also known as lightning bugs, are part of the beetle family (Lampyridae),  in the order Coleoptera. There are about 2,000 species of fireflies worldwide, with over 150 species in the U.S. and Canada.  Like all beetles, fireflies undergo complete metamorphosis with four stages in their life cycle: egg, larva, pupa, and adult. Egg (Embryonic Stage) The firefly life cycle begins with an egg. In midsummer, mated females will deposit about 100 spherical eggs, singly or in clusters, in the soil or near the soil surface. Fireflies prefer moist soils and will often choose to place their eggs under mulch or leaf litter, where the soil is less likely to dry out. Some fireflies will deposit eggs on vegetation rather than directly in the soil. Firefly eggs usually hatch in three to four weeks. The eggs of some lightning bugs are bioluminescent, and you may see them glowing dimly if youre lucky enough to find them in the soil. Larva (Larval Stage) As with many beetles, lightning bug larvae look somewhat wormlike. The dorsal segments are flattened and extend to the back and sides, like overlapping plates. Firefly larvae produce light and are sometimes called glowworms. Firefly larvae usually live in the soil. At night, they hunt slugs, snails, worms, and other insects. When it captures prey, the larva will inject its unfortunate victim with digestive enzymes to immobilize it and liquefy its remains. Larvae emerge from their eggs in late summer and live through the winter before pupating in the spring. In some species, the larval stage lasts well over a year, with the larvae living through two winters before pupating. As it grows, the larva will repeatedly molt to shed its exoskeleton, replacing it with a larger cuticle each time. Just before pupating, the firefly larva measures about three-quarters of an inch in length. Pupa (Pupal Stage) When the larva is ready to pupate—usually in late spring—it constructs a mud chamber in the soil and settles inside it. In some species, the larva attaches itself to a trees bark, hanging upside down by the hind end, and pupates while suspended (similar to a caterpillar). Regardless of which position the larva assumes for pupation, a remarkable transformation takes place during the pupal stage. In a process called histolysis, the larvas body is broken down, and special groups of transformative cells are activated. These cell groups, called histoblasts, trigger biochemical processes that transform the insect from a larva into its adult form. When the metamorphosis is complete, the adult firefly is ready to emerge, usually about 10 days to several weeks after pupation. Adult (Imaginal Stage) When the adult firefly finally emerges, it has only one real purpose: to reproduce. Fireflies flash to find a mate, using a species-specific pattern to locate compatible individuals of the opposite sex. Typically, the male flies low to the ground, flashing a signal with the light organ on its abdomen, and a female resting on vegetation returns the males communiquà ©. By repeating this exchange, the male homes in on her, after which, they mate. Not all fireflies feed as adults—some simply mate, produce offspring, and die. But when adults do feed, they are usually predacious and hunt other insects. Female fireflies sometimes use a bit of trickery to lure males of other species closer  and then eat them. Not much is known about firefly eating habits, however, and it is thought that some fireflies may feed on pollen or nectar. In some species, the female adult firefly is flightless. She may resemble a firefly larva but have large, compound eyes. Some fireflies dont produce light at all. For example, in the U.S., species found west of Kansas do not glow.

Aristotle s And Primary Substance - 1571 Words

It seems that since Aristotle’s Categories, he has changed his mind as to what primary substance is. Instead of the primary substance being the individual, a change is seen in Metaphysics VII that primary substance is now the form. It is my intention to clearly account for the reasoning that Aristotle had for making this change as he continued to contemplate what primary substance of a thing is. When the reader is finished, they will be able to agree that having form as primary substance makes perfect sense and everything else just falls short of what primary substance needs to be. In the beginning of Metaphysics VII, Aristotle asks again; what is substance? We know that substance is the base of all things that exist, that part is†¦show more content†¦The second criterion that a substance must fulfill is the essence criterion, in which the substance must be intelligible, and this is what Aristotle called secondary substances in the Categories. The problem is that , if either of these is missing reality will either be unknowable or the knowable will be unreal. Then Aristotle changed what he considered primary substances, and Metaphysics VII was posited with his new considerations. One of the questions that Aristotle asked was if substance was particular or universal? If particular, it would not be knowable because the particular is known through its essence, so if particular, the intelligibility slips away because it is not definable. On the other hand, if it is a universal it would be knowable, but not real because the universal concept does not have tangibility. This reveals to us that substance must be both particular and universal at the same time. We can now say that to be a primary substance, it must be both intelligible (knowable) and ontologically basic (real). Once we get to the point that primary substance needs to be both knowable and real we can then move to the three candidates for primary substance that Aristotle considers. Lear says that â€Å"Aristotle then seems to rush headlong to his conclusion. For he says that of the three candidates for substance – form, matter, and the composite of form and matter – both the matter and the composite may beShow MoreRelatedIn Understanding, Idealism And Materialism, It Takes An1171 Words   |  5 PagesIn understanding, Idealism and Materialism, it takes an open mind in reading the writings â€Å"The Republic,† â€Å"Materialism,† and â€Å"Metaphysics† from both Plato and Aristotle. Materialism, your mind is a product and part of the world, idealism the world is a product of and is just in our minds, and metaphysics abstract theory or talk with no basis in reality. I consider Idealism to be the best way to understand reality, than anything else. Think about a chair, what can you do in this chair; sit, touchRead MoreEssay on St. Thomas Aquinas’ On Being and Essence1002 Words   |  5 PagesEssence, he devotes an entire chapter of his book discussing how essence is found in composite substances. â€Å"Form and matter are found in composite substances, as for example soul and body in man. But it cannot be said that either one of these alone is called the essence.’ Aquinas argues that in a composite substance, not only is the form but also matter in the essence of a thing. However, in Metaphysics, Aristotle says that essence is in the form, which acts upon matter. He writes, â€Å"The form or the thingRead MoreAristotle s Theory Of Nature Essay1635 Words   |  7 Pagesof a subject of discussion is through finding its primary causes and principles, and then stem back to the root, its elements(Physics 84a. 14-15). To exhibit we have knowledge of a specific subject matter we have to display and vocalize the contributing components that describe the subject. Aristotle titles these principles, causes and elements as previously listed.Therefore, the knowledge of nature must arise with questioning principles. Aristotle contends that only the elements and principles canRead MoreNow, Aris totle Believes That We Have A Tendency To Think1952 Words   |  8 PagesNow, Aristotle believes that we have a tendency to think that we can only define a human by its matter, but Aristotle says that this is because we have a poverty of imagination. In the same way, we cannot define a form, say a human, by an accidental composite, we can neither define the form by matter. Aristotle believes that â€Å"a strict definition will be not of man, but of the human soul, the form of man. The definition will make no mention of his matter† (Lear, 283.) He is saying that the bonesRead MoreAristotle s Contributions Of Western Philosophy1124 Words   |  5 PagesOne of the greatest classical Greek philosophers still known is Aristotle. His contributions to Western philosophy are in the areas of nature, nature, logic, metaphysics, the soul, morality, and politics. He was one of Plato’s students and studied under him for twenty years in the academy in Athens. He started to lec ture about his on top of rhetoric. Aristotle became well known for his philosophies he began to tutor Phillip of Macedon son Alexander. After the death of Phillip’s, the school of platonicRead MoreGender Inequality And The Aristotelian Society860 Words   |  4 Pagesupbringing and interest in biology. He believed that the reason of a thing lies in its function. Everything that exists has a purpose, and that purpose is the reason that thing is the way it is. For example, all the substances that make up a seed are there because the way those particular substances interact with each other causes that seed to grow. When the seed grows, it reaches its full potential as a plant. Humans are the same. Human beings have a potential to live up to, which is finding true happinessRead MorePhilosophy: â€Å"Explain the Differences Between Plato and Aristotle’s View of Reality†.818 Words   |  4 Pagesphysical world and its Forms participate or imitate the real Forms in a disorderly way. He claimed that there was a relationship between the realm of Forms and our world. This relationship revealed to us mortals the forms and brought order to life. Aristotle objected to Plato’s view, arguing that one cannot know the type of interaction which is occurring between the two Forms. If the â€Å"real or ideal forms† are eternal, pure and unchanging then how do they relate to the material objections or Forms onRead MoreCategorical Proposition, Categorical, And Categorical Statement1393 Words   |  6 PagesGreeks. The Ancient Greeks such as Aristotle recognized four primary distinct kinds of Categorical Proposition and provided them standard forms (now regularly termed A, E, I, and O), formerly deduced mathematically by John Venn and George Boole in the nineteenth era. What do affirmative propositions have in common? Affirmative propositions say All S is P. It is general because it talks about each associate of S. It is affirmative because it says that each member of S is involved in P. A true sampleRead MoreDifference in Metaphysics Between Aristotle and Kant2285 Words   |  10 PagesWhat is the central difference between metaphysics as Kant conceives it, and metaphysics as Aristotle conceives it? Argue in support of one or the other view. Metaphysics is usually taken to involve both questions of what is existence and what types of things exist; in order to answer either questions, one will find itself using and investigating the concepts of being. Aristotle  proposed the first of these investigations which he called ‘first philosophy’, also known as ‘the science of being’ howeverRead MoreThe Origins Of The Origin Of Philosophy1752 Words   |  8 Pagesbroken down to water. Anaximander completely dismissed the idea of the four primary elements, earth, wind, fire, and water being the Arche. He believed the elements could not be the Arche, as they are all limited substances. He states that the Arche must be a substance that is unlimited. Anaximander then proposed that the Arche was not any material substance we perceive in this world; but instead is a non-perceptible substance he called the Apeiron. The term is also referred to as the unlimited, the

Human Development Basic Trust vs. Basic Mistrust (Birth...

Stage 1: Basic Trust vs. Basic Mistrust (Birth to 18 Months) In stage one of Erickson’s theory, the first eighteen months of life is centered on the development of trust (Zaslow Kirst-Ashman, 2007); that is, the infant must learn to trust and depend on others for food and care. According to Erikson (1985), the most important event of this stage is feeding. The infant will either develop trust if her caregiver’s presence and feedings are stable and predictable, or develop a sense of mistrust if they are not. As such, Erikson (1985) concluded that hope becomes the overarching theme of this stage with â€Å"trust born of care† (pg. 250) and highlighted the adverse effects of improper ratio of trust vs. mistrust throughout one’s life cycle.†¦show more content†¦Moreover, Queenie’s stable presence and predictable nourishment [feeding] allowed Benjamin to confidently progress to the next developmental stage of life – autonomy vs. sham e and doubt. Stage 2: Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt (18 Months to 3 Years) During the second stage of life, the overarching psychosocial crisis is autonomy vs. shame and doubt (Erikson, 1985). This is the period when toddlers learn the essential strengths of self-will and self-control through accomplishing basic tasks independently. As such, toddlers begin to develop finer motor skills and assert their autonomy to walk, talk, and feed themselves including the chief task of this stage – toilet training. Toddlers are given many opportunities to build self-esteem and autonomy as they gain greater control over their bodies and successfully accomplish tasks on their own. However, if they are â€Å"constantly downtrodden, restricted, or punished† (Zastrow Kirst-Ashman, 2007, pg. 258) while learning important skills and notably during toilet training, toddlers will end up feeling ashamed and doubtful of their capabilities, resulting in low self-esteem. Erikson (1985) emphasized that the most significant relationship at this stage is with the parents; therefore, they play a crucial role in the formation of their child’s sense of self-esteem and autonomy or low self-esteem accompanied by feelings of deep shame and self-doubt. Although the film does not delve into this stage of Benjamin’sShow MoreRelatedErik Erikson s Theory Of Psychosocial Development884 Words   |  4 Pagestheory of psychosocial development and the concept of the identity crisis. His theories marked an important shift in thinking on personality; instead of focusing simply on early childhood event, his psychosocial theory looked at how social influences contribute to personality throughout the entire lifespan. Erik Erikson died May 12, 1994 due to prostate cancer. (Erik Erikson, 2015). Stages of Psychosocial Development Comprehension of Erikson’s eight stages of psychosocial development requires an understandingRead MoreHuman Development: The Stages of Infancy1161 Words   |  5 PagesThe stage of infancy lasts from birth until approximately two years of age (Sigelman Rider, 2010). The physical development from infant to child occurs in a cephalocaudal direction: the head and upper body develop prior to the lower body (Sigelman Rider, 2010). Because of the rapid development at this stage children need to get good solid nutrition and need to be watched closely as they are often unable to coordinate their body or understand the dangers of certain situations (e.g., such as whenRead MoreErik Erikson s Development Theory1408 Words   |  6 Pages Erik Erikson’s Development theory Erik Erikson’s was born June 15, 1902, in southern Germany, His Jewish mother Karla Abrahamsen and to biological father, who was on unnamed Darnish man. Erikson’s biological abandoned him before he was born. Erikson was brought up by his mother and stepfather, Theodor Homberger, who was Erikson’s pediatrician. He never knew the true identity of his biological father. He always was in search of his identity; Erikson’s search for identity took him through someRead MoreErik Erikson s Developmental Theory Essay1628 Words   |  7 Pagessteps a developing human should to pass from infancy to adulthood. Erikson identified eight steps of the psychological development. The ideas of Erikson were heavily influenced by an Austrian psychologist Sigmund Freud, who also analyzed the human psychological development and identified psychosexual stages of development. However, Erikson did not emphasize the predominant role of sexual development in psychological development. He argued that the role of culture and society on a human was the most significantRead MorePsychoanalytic Theory Vs. Erick s Psychosocial Theory938 Words   |  4 PagesFreud’s Psychoanalytic Theory vs. Erick’s Psychosocial Theory Many follow the theories of ether Freud’s or Erickson’s that the use of development is through a variety of stages throughout life. People may believe in one over the other as they are both different theories. While Sigmund Freud, a Viennese physician who is well known for his revolutionary ideas on psychology and psychiatry, but also on Western thought in general. He states that If electronic media were hazardous to intelligence, theRead MoreChild Development Theories1324 Words   |  6 PagesTheories While theorists have different ideas and perspectives, insight on child and adolescent development can assist teachers and parents in helping children reach their full developmental and learning potential. Having knowledge about the development of a child and adolescent provides clues in understanding behavior and what is normal, or typical, in growth and development in the early months and years of life. Three developmental theories are broken down to understand the conceptsRead MoreHuman Development and The Psychoanalytic Perspective of Personality1396 Words   |  6 PagesThe psychoanalytic perspective of personality sheds light on human development in terms of drives and inner motives, which are of the unconscious mind and sexual instincts as well as stem from childhood experiences of which can be revealed through dreams, free association, and slips of the tongue; nonetheless, if there conflict between motives it will indeed construct defense mechanisms (of which range from denial, displacement, projection, reaction formation, regression, repression, sublimationRead MoreEssay The First Two Years of Life1427 Words   |  6 PagesHuman Growth and Development 10-11-12 The First Two Years The first two years after birth, through the developing person has to do with three domains biosocial, cognitive and psychosocial. There are many different theories regarding the first two years. The three most influential works on growth and development was done by Piaget, Freud and Erikson. Piaget’s theory was called cognitive development or the sensorimotor stage. This is when the child interacts with his surroundings through physicalRead MoreErikson and Personal Psychosocial Stage1681 Words   |  7 PagesRenowned psychologist Erik Erikson is best known for his theory of psychosocial stages of personality development. Unlike Freud, Erikson’s theory spans a person’s entire lifespan, from childhood to old age. One of the main elements of Erikson’s psychosocial stage theory is the development of ego identity (Cherry, 2013). Ego Identity is the conscious sense of self that we develop through social interaction (Cherry, 2013). Erikson believed that o ur ego identity is constantly changing due to newRead More Literature Supports Children’s Personality Development1926 Words   |  8 PagesPersonality development is the development of the organized pattern of behaviors and attitudes that makes a person distinctive (Laberge, 2006). Adults, especially parents and teachers, are principal components of these environments and therefore play a powerful role in helping or hindering children in their personality and cognitive development (Morrison, 2007, p. 99). According to Erikson (2007), children’s personalities and social skills grow and develop within the context of society and in response

A Review of Social Media and Implications for the Sales Process

Questions: 1. Critically assess the main approaches to social media marketing strategies. 2. Identify and critically evaluate effective social media marketing strategies, tools and development approaches for building brand awareness, increasing market share and entering new markets. 3. Critically evaluate the relationship between the design, deployment and implementing of effective social media marketing strategies and the achievement of organisations marketing strategies and objectives. 4. Evaluate the current social media marketing best practices in a global organisation and identify and critically appraise suggestions for improvement of these practices to allow for better performance and building an organisation of the 21st century. 5. Analyse current developments in social media and evaluate their potential impact on the marketing strategies of a chosen organisation.? Answers: Introduction: Social Media Communication means the communication through electronics like - micro blogging websites, social networking websites, through which the users can create online communities for communicating with other, like - to share ideas, information, personal messages and others like videos (Couldry, 2012). SMC is the acronym for Social Media Communication, and it is popularly known by its acronym. Now a day, Social Media Communication is very important for the growth of any company, especially ecommerce business. The reasons for the importance of SMC in ecommerce business are to recognize and to act upon trends more faster, to promote the followers for free, by word-of-mouth customers can be attracted, more stronger relationships can be developed, brand awareness can be increased, two-way communication can be easily created, consumer survey can be easily done, thus questions can be asked to the customers and in return, their answers can also be listen and appropriate measure can ta ke place for consumer concerns (Fuller and Goffey, 2012). Thus, by assuming as a new marketing manager of the ecommerce company Amazon, the objective is to implement the social media marketing strategy for the growth of the company. Background of the industry: Electronic commerce is very popular in U.K. The population of the country is 63.7 million, among which about 82 % people are internet users in the country. Thus, according to the market researchers, the online sales took place in U.K. of about 110.5 billion, in the year 2013. Most of the internet users in U.K., about 40 %, pay the purchase amount through credit cards, 35 % through debit cards, 21 % through PayPal and the remaining 4 % through other (Shandan et al., 2012). The biggest ecommerce companies, occupying the largest portion of the share market in U.S. are Amazon (16 %), Tesco (9 %), and eBay (8 %). Background of the company: Amazon is a public ecommerce company. It was founded on 6th July, in the year 1994 by Jeff Bezos, who is the chairman as well as the president and CEO of the company. It is an America based company with headquarters at Seattle, in Washington. Amazon is the largest internet based retailer and consumer merchandise in the United States. The company started as an online bookstore. But then it diversified its business by started selling online Blu-rays, DVDs, CDs, MP3 downloads or streaming, video downloads or streaming, electronics, toys, food, jewelry, apparel, software, furniture, and video games. Amazon also produces different consumer electronics like Fire Tablets, Fire Phone, Fire TV, and Amazon Kindle e-book readers. The company also sells some low-ended products like USB cables under its in-house brand, that is, Amazon Basics. Amazon is the worlds largest provider of cloud computing services (SHARMA, 2012). The other main services provided by the company besides online shopping, are web hosting and content distribution. The total revenue of the company is $ 88.988 billion, having total assets of $ 54.505 billion and total equity of $ 10.741 billion, according to record of the year 2014. Around 154100 numbers of employees are working in Amazon, according to the report of December 2014. The subsidiaries of the company are Amazon web services, A9.com, a2z, Audible.com, Alexa Internet, Internet Movie Database, Zappos, and Junglee.com. The reason for choosing this particular electronic commerce company related to Social Media Communication is that, since 2010, the social media communication is playing an increasing role in the business of ecommerce. The researchers found it that, about 47 % to 58 % of the small business owners are using social networking sites for the development and growth of their business (Huijsman et al., 2012). Though the company Amazon is quiet larger, still for its higher growth and to reach out to new customers at every corner of the world and to maintain the existing customers by providing more facilities but with cheaper cost of the company is the main objective of the marketing department of the company. 3: Importance of social media marketing: Now a day to just have a website for a business is not enough. For extension of the business capitalization should be started through social media marketing sites like Twitter, Face book, Linked In, Instagram and many more (McCorkle and McCorkle, 2012). In 21st century these social media are the main street of our daily life, thus we use these media for communicating with people, to get information quickly, and to shop for products. According to market researchers, presently most of the business houses invest only 9 per cent of their total budget, but in near future it should be increased to near about 22 per cent of their total budget (Lazaroiu, 2012). Social media is a way to connect with the audiences. Effective social marketing indicates the real value of the e-commerce businesses because social networks are the only network which helps the company to reach afresh customers, to maintain and reward existing consumers and introduce the new dimension of a particular brand (Laudon and Traver, 2012). There are various reasons for an e-commerce company like Amazon to follow social media marketing: For speeding up the program of the company to reduce the risk of the competition in the market. The tweets and status updated by the customer in the face book page of the company, help the company to get insights and understand the daily lives of the consumers. Therefore, the company can adjust its market strategies in need. Social media marketing helps the company to get the feedback early, thus they can immediately respond to any type of problem regarding any products or services (Noor Al-Deen and Hendricks, 2012). There is a proverb that early bird gets the worm. Similarly by following this company should also start Facebook and Twiter pages as early as possible because these will start earning tons of fans and followers on behalf of the company. According to the people, Twitter and Facebook are social networks only, but the company can use these tools as the marketing machine (Porterfield and Carnes, 2012). Social media marketing provides opportunity to the people to get constantly some incentives to purchase, and also to keep the name of the company in front of its potential buyers. If the company follows the process of marketing through Facebook, then it can join a number of groups related to the company and can post various links there, which will help to influence the customers and thus sales will increase. There are both Micro and Macro Theories regarding Social Media. These are Micro Theories: Word of mouth According to market researchers, people generally prefer to buy products according to the advice of their friends, relatives, peers, as this word of mouth seemed to be more reliable, trustworthy and honest to them (Stocchetti and Kukkonen, 2012). Social Exchange Theory this is a cost benefit theory, and mainly focuses on the relationships and bonds of the people and the formation of communities through exchanges of communication. Social Penetration Theory this theory highlights on the individual and dyadic levels. Macro Theories: Social Network Analysis This theory helps to study the development, structure and evolution of the individual community (White, 2012). Here, mathematical models are used to evaluate. Social networks can be formed by individuals to families, nations and communities. McLuhans Media Theory According to McLuhan, the actual content of media should transform society and people. Thus, it can be said that, according to the importance of all the theories of media, social media marketing is valuable to various marketers. Marketing Objectives Of Incorporation Of Smc: Under the surveyors supervision for marketers across the industry sectors for insight into the improvement of social media marketing strategy integration it is understand as follows: Choosing of correct strategies - Social media marketing is in infancy stage, thus there is lack of any constant tool. At lightening motion new tools come into the role but by using latest technology the company should concentrate on its target market which includes the new generation and more internet savvy consumer, and accordingly the company should apply the new tool or discard it (Mason, 2013). Implementation of proper social media - The objective of the targeted customer should be cleared to the company, such that proper tactics of social media may be implemented for the growth expansion of the company. Be forward looking - This media is generally used to promote product, brand and company awareness. The marketers should understand the need of the customer and accordingly they should use the evangelists to augment the companys message and amplify the loyalty of the customer (Bernhardt, Mays and Hall, 2012). Amalgamation of social media channel to marketing strategy - There are various types of social media but the company should choose that platform which perfectly fits the target audience and brand positioning of the company. Convert to purchase through social media, the company can engage its customers in personal, ongoing and real time manner by providing him/ her personalized discounts, or detailed information or promotion of any particular product. Champion integration For better integration, the leader of the companies should share their stories of success throughout the firm (Dorenda-Zaborowicz, 2012). This will become the ethos of the company and can influence the integration of social media marketing strategies. Learn from failures Generally the execution cost of social media is lesser than the traditional media. Thus for the companies to perform experiment with social media is easy and simple, and in need they can change any strategy if a particular one fails. Sort out attribution the company should calculate the sales revenue in both the option, that is, quantity of sales revenue during implementation of only social media marketing strategies and in conjunction with other tactics. According to the result, the company should put their foot forward. Features of social media: Social media is generally defined as a group of different forms of online media, which increases the interaction and connectivity between the people, specifically the internet users. Social media is mainly characterized by the following features: Participation social media is open to all, thus, anyone who is interested can contribute and provide feedback, which reduces the gap between the customers and the media. Openness here openness indicates the freedom of participation of the customers and to provide feedback, which encourage the customers to share any information, and to comment on it. Conversation traditional media was one-way conversation, where the broadcast was distributed to all people. But the modern media, i.e. social media is better than traditional one, as it is two-way conversation (Wirtz and Elser, 2012). Community communities are formed quickly through the help of social media and thus also help in communication both effectively and efficiently. Connectedness the main feature of the social media is to connect people from one corner of the world to other, through the help of internet like use of different links, people, resources. Importance of branded content strategies: The word content literally means the digital body language. Thus, good content is necessary for any business, as it useful and attractive for those customers, who usually purchase through digital media and social media (Caywood, 2012). The afresh customers have to first believe the company Amazon, then according to their thought or view point, they would start supporting the brand and finally they become loyal to the brand or company and act as the ambassador of the company. Again, customer-centric content helps the company to develop trust among the customers, and earn credibility, which helps the company to gain authority. Content strategies help the companies to build audience, attract consumers and create advocates on behalf of the company. Future of social media marketing: In the field of ecommerce, social media marketing is the best option, and it will help to expand the business. If social media marketing is introduced within the company Amazon, it will help to the company to earn more sales revenue, as this social media helps people to buy their required products from a smart phone only. Even the post, pins, follow, like options of various social media insist people to buy those products, which are not the targeted requirement of the customers (Wirtz and Elser, 2012). These help to increase the popularity of the company, and to increase the revenue as well as the profit of the company. This is also the best way for advertising at cheaper rate. Commerce is a huge matter; similarly ecommerce is also, on the other hand social media is also a vast area, thus combination of all these is an enormous factor, thus the future of Amazon would also be very bright, if social media marketing is implemented within the marketing department of the company (Martino, 2012). Internal capability of the company for implementation of smc: Measurement of capabilities of any company is possible through SWOT Analysis. SWOT Analysis is defined as the analysis of the internal strengths, internal weaknesses, external opportunities and external threats of a company (Bertelsen, 2012). Similarly, to evaluate the internal capability of the company, Amazon, for implementation of the social media marketing strategy in their marketing department to earn more profit and for expansion of the company, SWOT analysis has to be performed. From the following chart of SWOT Analysis, the strengths, weaknesses, threats and opportunities of Amazon can be explained: The company is having the internal strengths of customer service, which means the company is already close to the customers, and by implementing social media marketing strategies, Amazon should come more closer to the heart of the customers, and thus the company can serve well and at every moment of the need of the customers. Amazon generally provides various offers like offer of the day, offer of the week, weekend sales and many more. All these offers are for various products and various brands. If the company provides advertisements of these offers through social media, then people would come to know about various offers faster, as they mostly use smart phones, and can shop from their smart phones in bus, road, anywhere they get free time. Thus, this also indicates the positivity of implementing the social media marking strategy in the company (Laudon and Traver, 2012). The company is constantly evolving from the very first day, thus, it has expanded in a vast way. For further growth of the company social media marketing is necessary, as by implementing this strategy, other industries have also expanded (Zorc et al., 2012). From the following graph, the expansion of various companies like IAB can be understood: At present the growth of the company Amazon is as follows: From the above graph the total profit and revenue of Amazon can be understood easily, which indicates that the company is amazingly expanding and is running smoothly. This growth can be maximized, if the marketing department implements the social media marketing strategy (Klasen, 2012). Social generated e-commerce sells has constantly increased in the country (Molloy, Scott and Naomi, 2013). Even the media which helped the most to generate sales can be easily recognized from the following graph: From the above graph, it can be said that different social media like Facebook, E-mail, Twitter, Google+, Pinterest and Tumblr helps in e-commerce to a large extent. Thus in each quarter of a year, the sales through social media have increased successively (Daniel and Anca, 2012). These graphs of high sells through social media marketing strategy and high income of Amazon, indicates that if the marketing department of the company implements the new marketing strategy of social media, then it would bring more profit, more sales revenue, at low cost. Thus the company would grow efficiently and effectively. There is a weakness of the company, that is, Amazon makes profit losses due to free shipping. Free shipping is an essential part of any e-commerce company, so to compete with the competitors of the market, Amazon has to also provide free shipping, and otherwise it might lose its market. Thus to compensate this loss making, at cheaper cost through social media, the company can make promotion and advertisement of its products in the whole world (Andzulis, Panagopoulos and Rapp, 2012). Conclusions: Based on the above analysis, it can be concluded regarding the implementation of social media marketing strategy in the company, Amazon is that, the company should implement the new social media strategy of marketing for betterment of the organization. As at the present global scenario, every sector of the industry is using social media to earn popularity worldwide within a short period of time and at low cost (Grossberg, 2014). Due to this strategy many new companies even have become popular and successful within a short period of time. In this competitive market, to compete with the competitors, Amazon should apply the new strategy and put its feet forward to adapt the new technologies for its survival. The company should hire engineers and developers for appropriate planning and implementation of the social media marketing strategy (Grewal and Levy, 2012). Amazon should hire a director of social media, for perfectly looking after the strategy and the adaptation of the strategy by the company. Amazon is a pioneer in electronic commerce, electronic reading devices, electronic books, and cloud computing. But it has lagged in social media and social networking. In social media and social networking, Facebook and Zynga are the leaders. Thus, Amazon should add Twitter and Facebook as features of social networking to its popular product Kindle electronic book, such that e-book readers could send the public notes about the different sections of the book, which they are reading. Recommendations: Now a day, spending for social media is only a small fraction of most of the business budgets of marketing. According to market researchers, at present, about 9 % of the total budget is spent for social media, but later on, it may rise up to 22%. There are mainly three ways by which the ecommerce companies should use social media strategies for marketing. They are as follows: To find and engage customers: Finding customer in this huge worldwide market is not simple. But to maximize the profit of the company, it has to search its customers and to engage them by making them loyal to the company, by providing appropriate products of their needs. For these the followings should be done by the company: Customer research - social media is real time function, thus, marketers can directly know about the interest, conversations of their targeted customers, and accordingly, they can optimize their campaigns and can deliver more messages to customers. Customer service now a day, people are fast moving and thus they want immediate response. Immediate service can be provided through social media only. They help the business to respond quickly to any type of queries or inquiries of the customers. On the other, social media also helps company to identify easily and to respond to unpleasant consumers experiences. Through social media strategy, inquiries of the customers are responded. Customer acquisition social profile in social networking is the storefront of the customers. Research of the various companies, various products are done by the customers through the help of the social networks (Kotler and Armstrong, 2012). Thus, the social profile of the customers in LinkedIn, Facebook and other pages provide various information regarding the likings and disliking of the customers. Social media helps to optimize the customer profile and therefore helps the company to find information about the customer, easily. This also encourages the existing consumers of the company to review the specified company on Google, Yelp, or Facebook. Customer engagement social media is not a way for generating sales and driving traffic. Instead, it is a platform to validate and demonstrate the value of efforts of marketing. Paid advertising optimization: Paid advertising on social sites like - Facebook, LinkedIn and Twitter is the new type of business, which has become mandatory for the e-commerce marketers. But there are some advantages for the e-commerce companies for investing in these social network advertisements. They are as follows: Effective segmentation the social pages like Facebook, LinkedIn have made it easier for the companies to target market segments, according to the age of the customers, location and interest of the customers, and many more. Thus social network is also an important segmenting tool. Video advertising to showcase the product of the company, video is the most amazing way. As customers research thoroughly before purchasing any product online and video is the best way to represent the use of the product and to interact perfectly with the customers. On the other hand, videos are much engaging, thus can engage more number of customers. Accurate social data analysis The Tech companies enable the marketers to measure all corners of social campaigns e.g. top performing networks and types of social content and at the same time customers actionsin this respect. Staying ahead of the curve In the field of marketing, it may be in locality or nationally or globally, to find and reach target customers are quiet tough. Thus for more targeted customers, much smarter social marketing strategies are needed. Staying ahead of the curve represents the way companies interact with its consumers, publish content and advertise. References Andzulis, J., Panagopoulos, N. and Rapp, A. (2012). A Review of Social Media and Implications for the Sales Process.Journal of Personal Selling and Sales Management, 32(3), pp.305-316. Bertelsen, B. (2012).Everything you need to know about SWOT analysis. [Newmarket, Ont.]: BrainMass Inc. Caywood, C. (2012).The handbook of strategic public relations and integrated marketing communications. New York: McGraw-Hill. Daniel, M. and Anca, C. (2012). Redefined Corporate Communication through Sales Forces.Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 62, pp.175-178. Grewal, D. and Levy, M. (2012).Marketing. New York: McGraw-Hill/Irwin. Grossberg, K. (2014). B2B marketing forum: insightful social media and CRM cases from leading firms.Strategy Leadership, 42(2). Klasen, A. (2012). Generating Economic Growth - How Governments can Help Successfully.Global Policy, 3(2), pp.238-241. Kotler, P. and Armstrong, G. (2012).Principles of marketing. Boston: Pearson Prentice Hall. Laudon, K. and Traver, C. (2012).E-commerce. Boston, MA: Pearson. Martino, B. (2012).Everything you need to know about ecommerce for non-profit organizations. [Newmarket, Ont.]: BrainMass Inc. McCorkle, D. and McCorkle, Y. (2012). Using Linkedin in the Marketing Classroom: Exploratory Insights and Recommendations for Teaching Social Media/Networking.Marketing Education Review, 22(2), pp.157-166. Molloy, S., Scott, G. and Naomi, S. (2013).Appvertising - How Apps Are Changing The World. Cork: BookBaby. Shandan, Z., Dan, F., Yunyun, X. and Yonghai, Z. (2012). Influencing Factors of Credibility in C2C Ecommerce Web Sites.Procedia Engineering, 29, pp.509-513. SHARMA, V. (2012). A Study about Management and Business Issues of Ecommerce.IOSR Journal of Business and Management, 2(2), pp.1-5. Zorc, S., Manfreda, A., Lampert, D., Groznik, A., Krapez, J., Skerlavaj, M., Intzesiloglou, G., Marinova, M. and Ilieva, V. (2012).Digital content SWOT analysis. [S. l.]: FORSEE Partnership. Bernhardt, J., Mays, D. and Hall, A. (2012). Social marketing at the right place and right time with new media.Journal of Social Marketing, 2(2), pp.130-137. Couldry, N. (2012).Media, society, world. Cambridge: Polity. Dorenda-Zaborowicz, M. (2012). Marketing w social media.Nowe Media, 0(3), p.59. Fuller, M. and Goffey, A. (2012).Evil media. Cambridge, Massachusetts: The MIT Press. Huijsman, Y., Ligthart, J., Groot, R. and Kok, M. (2012).Social media for seniors. [Netherlands]: Visual Steps. Lazaroiu, G. (2012).Processes of social construction in the philosophy of communication. New York: Addleton Academic Publishers. Mason, D. (2013). The Mobile Marketing Handbook: A Step by step Guide to Creating Dynamic Mobile Marketing Campaigns 2nd ed.20136Kim Dushinski. The Mobile Marketing Handbook: A Step by step Guide to Creating Dynamic Mobile Marketing Campaigns 2nd ed. . Medford, NJ: Information Today Inc 2012. 248 pp., ISBN: 978 0 910965 90 3 $29.95 Paperback.The Electronic Library, 31(3), pp.404-405. Noor Al-Deen, H. and Hendricks, J. (2012).Social media. Lanham, Md.: Lexington Books. Porterfield, K. and Carnes, M. (2012).Why social media matters. Bloomington, Ind.: Solution Tree Press. Stocchetti, M. and Kukkonen, K. (2012).Critical Media Analysis. Frankfurt: Lang, Peter, GmbH, Internationaler Verlag der Wissenschaften. White, C. (2012).Social media, crisis communication, and emergency management. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press. Wirtz, B. and Elser, M. (2012). Instrumente im Social Media Marketing.WIST, 41(10), pp.512-518. Wirtz, B. and Elser, M. (2012). Prozess im Social Media Marketing.WIST, 41(11), pp.572-576.

Organization Behavior Motivation and Leadership

Question: Discuss about theOrganization Behavior for Motivation and Leadership. Answer: Organization behavior is a vital element that steers towards improving the performance of individual and operational groups in an organization. The main purpose of the paper is to explain concisely on the elements of organization behavior and its impact on the firms performance. The article will explain the impact of organization behavior to the employee who act as the main stakeholders in an enterprise. Apparently, the paper will substantially embrace in the problems associated with the organization behavior as well as strategic approaches to be used to resolve the issues affecting the positive influence of organizational behavior. Additionally, the article will discuss the reason as to why people behave in a certain way, motivational elements will be discussed as aspects which will improve the behavior of employees in an organization. Introduction: Organizational behavior is defined to be the study of both developed groups and individual performance and related activities within the organization. The organizational behavior examines on how people behave in a working environment and its impact on the both employee and organization performance, it also determines the job structure, communication, motivation and enterprise leadership(DuBrin, 2013). Leadership is an essential element in scrutinizing the impact organizational behavior in an organization, leadership is explained to be the process of changing employee behavior in an enterprise, the main objective of exceptional leadership is to improve both the employee and the organization's performance(Miner, 2015). Communication is a pillar which determines the relationship between the management and employee, it allows evaluation ideas generates by employee and management in achieving the organizational goals and objectives(Greenberg, 2003). Continually, understating the organizat ion theory demonstrates the interaction of people within an organization, this implies how the management and employee communicate towards improving their performances(Glinow McShane, 2015). Employee Engagement Theory Employee engagement is a strategic management approach used by the organization in achieving the set goals and objectives, the main focus of the theory is to determine how an organization may achieve its strategic goals by creating a substantial human resource management environment where employee and management make a comprehensive decision concerning the operations of an organization(Gruman A, 2014). Therefore, employee engagement theory is a fundamental aspect which determines the organization behavior in an institution, the theory explains the commitment and employee behavior towards their jobs, it also embraces the factors related to the job satisfaction of employees and the management(Miner, 2015). While explaining the relationship of employee engagement and organization behavior, observing the essential element of employee engagement should also be substantially considered. Motivational Elements that Existed in the Old Organisational Environment Recognition Recognizing employee efforts is a fundamental element which defines how the employee behave in an organization, it is one of the crucial element of employee engagement theory. It is described to be the effort by the managers to recognize the employee who is commitment and behave according to the organization core values(Robbins and Judge, 2012). However, recognition non-financial motivational approach which necessary in developing a committed working staff in an organization, the approach should be well embraced in order to develop a considerable organization culture in relation to the organization employee behavior(Gruman A, 2014). XYZ company management is seen to encourage employee to work and provide exceptional consultancy services, recognizing the employee contributing. The company management ensure that employee were recognize despite what they could be seen to be little to the company. The achievement of the XYZ strategic goals were based on the Tims productive interaction with staff members in the organization particularly during meeting. Rewards Barrick and MK Mount 2013, stated that employee behaves negatively in an organization, this is a result of the management and the leadership of an organization failing to reward employee base on their effort in achieving the organizational goal, manager may fail to consider employees as the main stakeholders who play a key role accomplishing the set goals and objectives(Barrick, 2013). Tim played crucial role in ensuring that employees are well motivated and encourage to provide better services to the clients. Rewarding of staff is vital element of encouraging employee to improve their service provision, Tim respected the commitment of employees to the company operation. However, performance appraisal was his main tool of motivating employees in the company he provided bonuses to best performing staff members(DuBrin, 2013). Meeting Participation XYZ Company under the leadership of Tim is comprehended to be having essential motivational measure which were installed to the company in order to encourage employees perform their work with determination. The case study unveil the involvement of employee in Friday morning meeting which were held at the manger office(Greenberg, 2003). XYZ organizational behaviour acted as the centre of achieving strategic goals and objectives. Issues relating to the consultancy services were discuss with employee where each individual in the meeting contribute ideas which were used in decision making process. The excellent performance of the company is determined by how much the company value employees ideas during decision making process(Gruman A, 2014). Staff Consultation Organizational behavior is a fundamental strategic tool of management whose component is motivating employee while they perform their job functions. Tim has embrace an open management structure where subordinates were consulted before any decision is made regarding the company operation, before any decisions were to be made staff were to be consulted and they were given an opportunity to contribute towards the same decisions(Glinow McShane, 2015). Motivational Element Removed During Fionas Leadership. Removal of Open Management Style Open management structure was one of the key element which were used by Tim to encourage staff members to work towards achieving the organizational goals and objectives. Demolishing of open management structure was the first action Fiona took as a result of competitive market environment(Blader, 2013). She created three departments which she used as the watch dog to the operation of the employees in the company, unlike Tim leadership where employee were interacting with him directly. During Fionas tenure employee were to seek for appointment in order to meet with her regarding their activities in the organization. Staff Consultation According to the case study Fiona leadership steered towards removal of various motivational structures which were used by used by Tim while he was the managing director of the company. The study unveils that new grading system was introduced to the company without consulting staff, and this was seen to force staff to resist change management in the company, thus limiting company activities to its clients(Pinder, 2014). Justice and Equity Theory of Motivation John Stacey Adams in 1993 introduce the theory of fairness and equity which mostly was reflected to influence the activities undertaken by organizations. The equity theory is a prime theory which acts as the pillar while evaluating the employee and management behavior in an organization(Armstrong, 2014). It is a motivational theory which basis it essence in motivating individuals fairly based on their inequities in both output and input ratio, it focuses on allowing the employees to work perfectly in order to perceived equity amongst themselves and other working groups in an organization(Pinder, 2014). Analysis Training Consultants Behaviours The case study discloses that justice and equity motivational theory essential while determining service provided by the consultants. Motivation of employee should be just and it should base on the expectation from the management. XYZ Consultancy Company provided an exceptional training structure and behavior to its members by embracing the management expectation, this allowed the member to provide services with clear guidelines on how better the consultancy servicers were to be provided. Motivation was the centre of the company performance, according to the case study staff members were motivated based on their performance to the company. Tim utilize the appraisal system to embrace justice and equity theory where staff who perform better were recognize and were rewarded with bonuses(Barrick, 2013). As result of using equity theory some of the member also fighting for equity with their work-mate forcing them to put more effort while they provide services on behalf of the company. During Fionas tenure, new organizational and training behavior was introduced, the grading system was to increase the staff performance as they strive towards achieving the organizational strategic goals and objectives(Armstrong, 2014). The operation of the company during her period was basing on the hierarchy of training, where there was senior training consultant, training consultant and junior training consultant. Conclusion Organization behavior is an essential factor which controls the process of achieving the organization goals. The relationship between motivation and organization behavior is determined by the employees who are the main stakeholders in the organization(Armstrong, 2014). Motivation theories embrace the behavior of both the employee and the management in an organization, motivation comprises the process of recognizing individual efforts towards improving the organization goal and objectives, and this is by influence their performance by giving rewards and using other related motivation approaches(Miner, 2015). Using equity motivation theory will encourage employees to change their behavior as they will be perceived to equity in their operations. References Armstrong, M. a. T., 2014. Armstrong's handbook of human resource management practice. s.l.:Kogan Page Publishers. Barrick, M., 2013. The theory of purposeful work behavior: The role of personality, higher-order goals, and job characteristics.. s.l.:Academy of Management Review. Blader, T. T., 2013. How Can Theories of Organizational justice Explain the Eà ¯Ã‚ ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å¡ects of Fairness?. Handbook of organizational justice. s.l.:s.n. DuBrin, A., 2013. Fundamentals of organizational behavior: An applied perspective.. s.l.:Elsevier. Glinow, V. M., 2015. Organizational Behavior. s.l.:s.n. Greenberg, a. B., 2003. Behavior in organizations: Understanding and managing the human side of work.. s.l.:Pearson College Division.. Gruman, J. A, S., 2014. What do we really know about employee engagement?. Human Resource Development Quarterly. s.l.:s.n. Miner, J., 2015. Organizational behavior 1: Essential theories of motivation and leadership. s.l.:Routledge. Pinder, C., 2014. Work motivation in organizational behavior. s.l.:Psychology Press. Robbins and Judge, T., 2012. Essentials of organizational behavior. Boston: Pearson.